2016 International Religious Freedom Report on Persecution

5 facts about Christian persecution from the 2016 International Religious Freedom Report

Five facts have been raised to be addressed on behalf of Christians facing religious violence and persecution for faith, consider-
1. In China, Christian communities have “borne a significant brunt of the oppression, with numerous churches bulldozed and crosses torn down. Pastor Bao Guohua and his wife, Xing Wenxiang, were sentenced in Zhejiang Province in February 2016 to 14 and 12 years in prison, respectively, for leading a Christian congregation that was opposing a government campaign to remove crosses atop churches.
2. In Sudan, the government stiffened penalties for both apostasy and blasphemy. The regime prosecutes Christian pastors on trumped-up charges and marginalizes the country’s minority Christian community. It imposes a restrictive interpretation of Shari’ah law and applies corresponding hudood punishments (such as whipping, amputation, and stoning to death) on Muslims and non-Muslims alike.
3. Boko Haram continues to attack with impunity both Christians and many Muslims. From bombings at churches and mosques to mass kidnappings of children from schools, Boko Haram has cut a wide path of terror across vast swaths of Nigeria and in neighboring countries, leaving thousands killed and millions displaced
4. The situation is “particularly grave” for Evangelical and Pentecostal Christians in Eritrea. The government requires all physically- and mentally-capable people between the ages of 18 and 70 to perform a full-time, indefinite, and poorly-paid national service obligation, which includes military, development, or civil service components. There are no exemptions for conscientious objections and individuals completing their national service obligation in the military are prohibited from practicing their religion. Failure to participate in the national service results in being detained, sentenced to hard labor, abused, and having one’s legal documents confiscated.
5. The report notes numerous incidents over the past year of Iranian authorities raiding church services, threatening church members, and arresting and imprisoning worshipers and church leaders, particularly converts to Evangelical forms of Christianity. Since 2010, authorities “arbitrarily arrested and detained more than 550 Christians throughout the country.” As of February 2016, approximately 90 Christians were either in prison, detained, or awaiting trial because of their religious beliefs and activities. May 5, 2016 By Joe Carter

The Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention. Source: http://erlc.com/resource-library/articles/5-facts-about-christian-persecution-from-the-2016-international-religious-freedom-report

A precedent on ‘Reparations’

Reparations
The Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany, which recently won a substantial new award for holocaust victims, continues to set precedent by Michael Z. Wise
Could this be a precedent for nation-states or community with post conflict crisis? “Before the 1952 agreements there was no precedent in international law for a nation-state to assume responsibility for crimes it committed against a minority within its jurisdiction, and no precedent for collective claims of this kind. Even if nothing can call the dead back to life or obliterate the crimes, Nahum Goldmann wrote in his memoirs, “this agreement is one of the few great victories for moral principles in modern times.” Pragmatism went hand in hand with morality for both German and Jewish negotiators. ”
See report: The Atlantic Monthly; October 1993; Volume 272, No. 4; pages 32-35

 

Book: The Crime of Persecution in the ICTY Case-law By Jonas Nilsson

Of interest-

Chapter:(p.219) The Crime of Persecution in the ICTY Case-law
The Legacy of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia Oxford University Press
DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199573417.003.0008
Read brief here-
“The ICTY prosecutor and judges have found in the crime of persecution a suitable category to address the types of crimes committed in the former Yugoslavia during the conflict in the 1990s. For example, out of the sixty-three persons who to date have been convicted by the ICTY, forty had been charged with this crime. In contrast, the crime of persecution was hardly applied in international or national law before the start of the ICTY proceedings. The ICTY case law dealing with the crime of persecution is one of the most important contributions of the ICTY to international criminal law. However, the ‘discovery’ of the crime of persecution by the ICTY involved certain risks for the judges, in particular since the exact boundaries of the definition of this crime, beyond what could be understood from the words of the statutory definition, had not been set out or explored in previous jurisprudence. The ICTY case law contains considerations of the contours of the criminal conduct in question with the accompanying risk of entering convictions for acts that were not criminal at the time they were carried out, and thereby violating the principle of nullum crimen sine lege. This chapter examines how the exact content of the crime of persecution is being determined in the ICTY case law by the requirements of the principle of nullum crimen sine lege, on the one hand, and a desire for it to address a series of acts or a criminal campaign, rather than one or more isolated acts, on the other.”
Keywords: persecution, crimes against humanity, nullum crimen sine lege, ethnic cleansing, Tadic, Vasiljevic, Kupreskic, Kvocka
Source: http://m.oxfordscholarship.com/mobile/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199573417.001.0001/acprof-9780199573417-chapter-8